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At the beginning of the time and center of each black hole is a point of infinite density called a weird point. To discover these mysteries, we take what we know about the space, time, gravity and quantum mechanics and apply it to a place where all of these things are simply broken. Perhaps, nothing in the universe challenges more imagination. Physicists still believe that if they can give a coherent explanation for what actually happens in and around the weird points, something will appear, perhaps A new understanding of space and time created from.
In the late 1960s, some physicists speculate that the strange points could be surrounded by a chaotic area, where the space and the time of development and narrow time. Charles Misner of Maryland University calls it the Mixmaster universe, then one popular kitchen appliances. If a astronaut falls into a black hole, then one can imagine it is mixing the body parts of the astronaut in the way that a blending or egg mixed with the yolk and white of an egg, Kip ThorneA physicist won the Nobel Award, then wrote.
Einstein's general theory, used to describe the gravity of the black holes, using a single field equation to explain how the space and material curves are moving. But that equation uses one Mathematics speed is called tenor To hide 16 different equations, interwoven. Some scientists, including Misner, have devised useful assumptions to allow them to explore scripts like the Mixmaster universe.
Without those assumptions, Einstein's equation could not be resolved in an analysis, and even for them, it was too complicated for time simulation. Like the device they are named after, these ideas fall out of style. The dynamics of this Viking are thought to be a very general phenomenon of gravity, he said Gerben olingA doctoral researcher at the University of Edinburgh. “But it was something falling out of the map.”
Over the past few years, physicists have reviewed the chaos around the strange points with new mathematical tools. Their goal is double. One hope is to point out that the approximation that Misner and others do is the valid approximation of Einstein gravity. The other is to push closer to the weird points in the hope that their extremes will help regulate the relativity with quantum mechanics in a theory of the gravity of the death force, which is the goal of physicists for more than a century. EQUAL Sean Hartnoll The University of Cambridge said, now ripe to make these ideas fully develop.
The introduction of chaos mixmaster
Thorne described in the late 1960s as a golden age of Muslims to study black holes. The term Muslim black hole is only widely used. In September 1969, during a visit to Moscow, Thorne was made by the famous physicist by Evgeny Lifshitz, a famous physicist. With Vladimir Belinski And Isaak Khalatnikov, Lifschitz has found a new solution to Einstein's gravity equations near a weird point, using assumptions that the three of them have thought of. Lifshitz is afraid that the Soviet censors will delay the announcement of the results, because it conflicts with a previous evidence he co -authored, so he asked Thorne to share it in the West.
The previous black hole models assume the perfect symmetry not found in nature, for example, set that a star is a perfect ball before collapse into a black hole, or it has no net charge. (These assumptions allow Einstein's equations to be resolved, in the simplest form, by the way Karl Schwarzschild Immediately after Einstein published them.) The solution that Belinski, Khalatnikov and Lifschitz found, called BKL solution after their abbreviation, described what could happen in a messy, more actual situation in which black holes formed from objects were formed irregularly shaped. The result is not the extension of the space and the internal time, but a space and the time of lasting and compressive time in many directions.
Thorne smuggled the paper back to the United States and sent a copy to Misner, whom he knew he thought in similar lines. It turned out that Misner and the Soviet group were independent of similar ideas by using similar assumptions and different techniques. Moreover, the BKL group used it to solve the unminastable issue of that era in mathematical relativity, according to Mr. Thor Thorne, related to the existence of what was called a common spot of Muslims. Belinski, the last member of the BKL trio, recently said in an email that Misner's vivid descriptions helped him to imagine the chaotic situation near the strange points that both revealed.