Intelligent robots. Work on the production line during the Changqing Auto Parts Co., Ltd., Ltd., located in Anqing Economic Development Zone, Anhui province, China, March 13, 2025 (photo Costfoto/Nurphoto via Getty Images)
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Peijing-China has lost several key goals from a 10-year plan to become self-sufficient in technology, while supporting unhealthy industrial competition, which worsened global trade tensions, said the European Chamber of Trade in China In the report this week.
When Beijing issued his “Made in China 2025“The plan in 2015 met with significant International criticism in order to promote Chinese business at the expense of their foreign counterparts. The country then disregarded this initiative, but it doubled in the development of national technology, taking into account the restrictions Over the past few years.
Since the plan is released, China has exceeded their goals in the scope of achieving domestic dominance in cars, but this country has not yet achieved its goals in the airport, high -class robots and the rate of increase in production value, as reported by the business chamber, citing research and discussions with members. Of the ten strategic sectors identified in the report, China only achieved technological dominance in shipbuilding, fast and electric cars.
China's goals are generally perceived as a direction, not the actual number that should be achieved on a specific day. Made in China 2025 Plan presents the first ten years of what the country called the “strategy of many decades” to become a global production power.
The Chamber indicated that the self -proclaimed aircraft of China, C919, is still largely based on the US and European parts, and although levels of industrial automation have “increased significantly”, this is primarily caused by foreign technology. In addition, the ADD production value rate reached 6.1% in 2024, falling from a 7% rate in 2015 and a bit halfway to reach the goal of 11%.
“Everyone should consider themselves lucky that China did not go to the purpose of production growth,” Jens Eskelund, president of the Chamber of Commerce in China in China, told journalists, because the retreat would tighten the pressure on global competitors. “They did not achieve their own goal, but I really think they did it amazingly well. “
Eskelund said that even at this slower pace China has changed over the past decade to increase 29% of the global production value – almost just like the US and Europe. “Before 2015 in many categories China was not a direct competitor of Europe and the United States. “
In recent years, the US has tried to limit China's access to high -class technology and encourage advanced production companies to build factories in America.
At the beginning of this week, the USA License license export requirements for the American chipmer Nvidia H20 i AMD Mi308 chips of artificial intelligence, as well as their counterparts to China. Before, Nvidia He said he would take it Quarterly fee of around $ 5.5 billion As a result of the new export licensing requirements. Jensen, general director of Chipmaker Huang met with the Chinese deputy prime minister He Lifeeng in Beijing On Thursday, according to the Chinese state media.
Restrictions in the US “forced us to do things that we would not have previously thought that we must buy,” said Lionel M. Ni, president of the Guangzhou campus, the University of Hong Kong. This is the case according to the translation of CNBC his comments in Mandarin on reporters on Wednesday.
He said that products requiring home development activities included systems and equipment, and if the substitutes of limited items were not available immediately, the university would buy the second best version.
In addition to thematic plans, China spend national development priorities every five years. Current 14. Five -year plan It emphasizes support for the digital economy and ends in December. Another 15th five -year plan will be released next year.
China is catching up
It remains unclear to what extent China can become completely self -sufficient in key technological systems in the near future. But local companies have made quick progress.
The Chinese telecommunications giant Huawei released a smartphone at the end of 2023, which apparently contained Advanced system capable of 5g. The company has been on the American list since 2019 and has released its own operating system last year Apparently completely separated from Android Google.
“The control of the export of Western chips was some successes because they briefly marked China's developmental efforts in semiconductors, although at the expense of the United States and allied companies,” the analysts in Washington said In the report this week. However, they noticed that China only doubled, “potentially destabilizing the American semiconductor ecosystem.”
For example, “ThinkTank noticed that the Huawei's current generation smartphone, the Pura 70 series, contains 33 components without China and only 5 acquired from outside China.
Huawei reported a 22% increase in revenues in 2024 – The fastest growth since 2016 – excited by recovering consumer products in the industry. Business spent 20.8% of his revenues On research and development last year, much above the annual goal over 10%.
In general, Chinese producers have achieved a nationwide goal of 1.68% for research and development expenses as a percentage of operational revenues, said the EU Chamber report.
“Europe must look at itself,” Eskelund said, referring to high expenses for research and development of Huawei. “Do European companies do what is needed to stay on the latest technology?”
Dutch equipment company semiconductors ASML used 15.2% of net sales in 2024 on research and development, while The NVIDII rate was 14.2%.
Fears of excessive ability and safety
However, high expenses do not necessarily mean performance.
In particular, the electric car race caused a price war, and most manufacturers manufacturers have undergone losses in their attempts to undercut competitors. This phenomenon is often called “Neijan” or “Involution” in China.
“We also need to be aware of the success (China) without problems,” said Eselund. “We see many industries that have not translated into a healthy business.”
He added that the attempt to achieve the goals “produced in China 2025” contributed to involution, and pointed out that China's efforts aimed at raising the chain of production values from Christmas decorations to high -class equipment also increased global concerns about safety threats.
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In the annual report on government work provided in March, Chinese Prime Minister Li Qiang called for efforts to stop the involutionecho A high level of public meeting at a high level In July last year. Political Buro is the second highest circle of power in the ruling Chinese communist party.
Such fierce competition combines the impact of a slowdown in economic growth. Of the 2,825 companies listed on the continental China list, 20% reported a loss for the first time in 2024, in accordance with the analysis of CNBC data of wind data from Thursday. The analysis showed that companies that reported another year of losses, the share of companies that lost money last year increased to almost 48%.
China emphasized this in March Increasing consumption He is his priority for a year, after earlier focusing on production. The increase in retail sales remains behind industrial production throughout the year from the beginning of 2024, in accordance with the official data available through the wind information.
Decision -makers are also looking for ways to “better match production and what can absorb the domestic market,” Eskelund said, adding that efforts to increase wear are not important if the production is growing even faster.
But when asked about the rules that could solve the surplus of production, he said: “We are also waiting impatiently in anticipation.”